What does the term "defect" refer to in welding?

The term "defect" in welding specifically refers to any discontinuity or flaw in the weld that can potentially compromise the integrity, strength, or safety of the welded joint. This definition is crucial because it encapsulates a wide range of issues, including cracks, incomplete fusion, porosity, and undercuts, among others. These defects can arise from various factors such as poor technique, improper materials, or inappropriate welding parameters.

Defects are of particular concern in contexts such as pipeline construction and other critical applications because they can lead to failures, leaks, or other significant safety hazards. Understanding this definition allows welders and inspectors to identify and assess the quality of welds more effectively, ensuring they meet stringent industry standards and regulations.

While aesthetic imperfections might be considered unwanted in terms of appearance, they do not necessarily affect the functionality or safety of the weld. Similarly, normal variations in welded joints can occur within acceptable limits and are typically not classified as defects. Misalignment of components is a concern for proper assembly but does not directly categorize as a defect in the weld itself unless it results in a significant flaw or discontinuity in the weld.